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Dasineura crataegi : ウィキペディア英語版 | Dasineura crataegi
The hawthorn button-top gall, is caused by the dipteron gall-midge ''Dasineura crataegi'' (Winnertz, 1853). The gall develops in the terminal shoots of Hawthorn, ''Crataegus monogyna'' (Jacq.) and the midland hawthorn ''Crataegus laevigata'' (Poir.) and their hybrids.〔Stubbs, Page 23〕〔Redfern, Page 315〕 Synonyms are ''Perrisia crataegi'' and ''Cecidomyia crataegi'', (Winnertz, 1853).〔Darlington, Page 137〕 ==The physical appearance of the galls==
The gall causer induces stunted and distorted rosettes〔Hancy, Page 88〕 in the host by inhibiting the elongation of the shoot; the rosette is formed from many (8 to 40 or more) slightly thickened and deformed leaves with reduced petioles. Many of the leaves have small green or red ligulate excrescences or projections. The midge larvae are of an orange-red colour.〔〔Redfern, Page 315〕 The gall is occasionally found on isolated shrubs, however hedges are more commonly infested with the new growth resulting from hedge cutting of being the site of high density populations. The rosettes stand out prominently against the sky. Old galls persist and new elongations of the branch occurs from unaffected buds lying well behind the terminal bud.〔
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